RETHINKING THE SECURITY-DEVELOPMENT NEXUS IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN SECURITY
Abstract
This paper sought to reshape the discourse on the security-development nexus. The paper indicts the former discourse that is based on the traditional conceptualization of security and development and demonstrates the extent to which such a discourse is intellectually bereft in achieving security and development. In that sense, the paper undergirds the new discourse presented in this paper on the security-development nexus with the concepts of human security and human development, and their interactions and mutual effects and influences. It is anchored on the conviction that since a discussion of security and development makes better sense if it is focused on the individual, the nexus of security and development should also be brought to the level of the individual; hence, this paper discusses the human security-human development nexus.
Keywords: security, development, security-development nexus, human security, human development, human security-human development nexus.
References
References
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Bernard, F. (1998). What is Security? Why the Debate Matters. National Security Studies, 4.
Bialowolski, P., McNeely, E., VanderWeele, T. J., & Weziak-Bialowolska, D. (2020). Ill health and distraction at work: Costs and drivers for productivity loss. PLoS ONE, 15(3). Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0230562&type=printable
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Despard, M., Grinstein-Weiss, M., Chun, Y., & Roll, S. (2020, July 13th). COVID-19 job and income loss leading to more hunger and financial hardship. Retrieved January 27th, 2023, from Brookings: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/07/13/covid-19-job-and-income-loss-leading-to-more-hunger-and-financial-hardship/
Ding, M., Keiley, M., Garza, K., Duffy, P., & Zizza, C. (2015). Food insecurity is associated with poor sleep outcomes among US adults. Journal Nutrition, 145(3), 615 – 21.
Dixon, L., Winkleby, M., & Radimer, K. (2001). Dietary intakes and serum nutrients differ between adults from food-insufficient and food-sufficient families: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Journal of Nutrition, 131(4), 1232 – 46.
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Gundersen, C., & Ziliak, J. P. (2018). Food Insecurity Research in the United States: Where We Have Been and Where We Need to Go. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 40, 119-135.
Haq, M. U. (1976). The Poverty Curtain-Choices for the Third World. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hettne, B. (2010). Development and Security: Origins and Future. Security Dialogue, 41(1), 31–52. Doi: doi.org/10.1177/0967010609357040
Human security course. (n.d). The Vital Core of Human Security. Retrieved January 17th, 2023, from https://humansecuritycourse.info/module-1-the-concept-of-human-security/vital-core/#:~:text=The%20vital%20core%20refers%20to,freedoms%20based%20in%20practical%20reason.
Hwang, S. (2000). Mortality among men using homeless shelters in Toronto, Ontario. JAMA, 283, 2152-57.
Hwang, S. (2002). Is homelessness hazardous to your health? Obstacles to the demonstration of a causal relationship. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 93, 407-10.
ILO. (2004, September 1st). Economic security strengthens tolerance and happiness as well as growth and development. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_005218/lang--en/index.htm
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Khan, Z. (2021, June 16th). Relationship between Education and Human Security. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://thehumansecurity.org/relationship-between-education-and-human-security/
Lautensach, A., & Lautensach, S. (n.d.). Human Security in World Affairs: Problems and Opportunities. Retrieved January 15th, 2023, from https://opentextbc.ca/humansecurity/chapter/introduction/
Leaning, J., & Arie, S. (2000, December). Human Security: A Framework for Assessment In Conflict and Transition. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnacm028.pdf
Marchetti, S., & Secondi, L. (2022). The Economic Perspective of Food Poverty and (In)security: An Analytical Approach to Measuring and Estimation in Italy. Social Indicators Research, 162, 995–1020.
Martin, M. (n.d). Health as human security. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from Human Security Research Center: https://humansecuritycourse.info/module-4-human-security-in-diverse-contexts/issue-4-health/
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.
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Nussbaum, M. C. (2011). Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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Reinke, A. (2016). Gendering Peacebuilding in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda. Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspectives, 10, 71-86.
Roy, E., Boivin, J., Haley, N., & Lemire, N. (1998). Mortality among street youth. Lancent, 352(32).
Schievels, J. (2019). Examining and Critiquing the Security–Development Nexus. E-International Relation, 1-6. Retrieved from https://www.e-ir.info/pdf/79378
Seligma, H., Laraia, B., & Kushel, M. (2010). Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants. Journal of Nutrition, 140(2), 304 – 10.
Seligman, H., Laraia, B., & Kushel, M. (2010). Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants. Journal of Nutrition, 140(2), 304 – 10.
Stuff, J., Casey, P., Szeto, K., Gossett, J., Robbins, J., & Simpson, P. (2004). Household food insecurity is associated with adult health status. Journal of Nutrition, 134(9), 2330 – 5.
Sumner, A., & Tribe, M. (2008). What is development? Development studies theories methods in research and practice. London: Sage publications.
Vozoris, N., & Tarasuk, V. (2003). Household food insufficiency is associated with poorer health. Journal of Nutrition, 133(1), 120 – 6.
Voors, M.J., Nillesen, E.E., Verwimp, P., Bulte, E.H., Lensink, R., and VanSoest, D.P. (2012). Violent conflict and behavior: a field experiment in Burundi. American Economic Review, 102(2), 941-6
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Baily, J. (2001). International and global security in a post-cold war era. In B. John, & S. Steve, Globalization of world politics an introduction to international relations. New York: Oxford university press.
Bauer, L., Broady, K., Edelberg, W., & O’Donnell, J. (2020, September). Ten Facts about COVID-19 and the U.S. Economy. Retrieved Janaury 27th, 2023, from The Hamilton Project: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FutureShutdowns_Facts_LO_Final.pdf
Bernard, F. (1998). What is Security? Why the Debate Matters. National Security Studies, 4.
Bialowolski, P., McNeely, E., VanderWeele, T. J., & Weziak-Bialowolska, D. (2020). Ill health and distraction at work: Costs and drivers for productivity loss. PLoS ONE, 15(3). Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0230562&type=printable
Browning, C. S. (2013). International Security: A very short introduction. Online Edition: Oxford Academic. Retrieved January 24th, 2023, from https://academic.oup.com/book/502/chapter-abstract/135265314?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Commision on Human Security. (2003). Human Security Now. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from Council of Europe (2011) Convention on preventing and combating violence against: https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168008482e
Collier, P; V.L. Elliot, Hegre, H., Hoeffler, A., Reynal-Querol, M. and Sambanis, N. (2003). Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Washington, DC: World Bank and Oxford University Press
Cramer, C. (2006). Civil war is not a stupid thing. London: Hurst and Co.
Despard, M., Grinstein-Weiss, M., Chun, Y., & Roll, S. (2020, July 13th). COVID-19 job and income loss leading to more hunger and financial hardship. Retrieved January 27th, 2023, from Brookings: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/07/13/covid-19-job-and-income-loss-leading-to-more-hunger-and-financial-hardship/
Ding, M., Keiley, M., Garza, K., Duffy, P., & Zizza, C. (2015). Food insecurity is associated with poor sleep outcomes among US adults. Journal Nutrition, 145(3), 615 – 21.
Dixon, L., Winkleby, M., & Radimer, K. (2001). Dietary intakes and serum nutrients differ between adults from food-insufficient and food-sufficient families: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Journal of Nutrition, 131(4), 1232 – 46.
Drexhage, J., & Murphy, M. (2010). The Origins of Sustainable Development: Sustainable Development: From Brundtland to Rio 2012. New York: United Nations.
Elie, G. (2021, October). Hunger in France’s land of plenty. Retrieved February 15th, 2023, from Le Monde diplomatique: https://mondediplo.com/2021/10/13food-box#:~:text=According%20to%20a%20recent%20Senate,the%20Ipsos%2DSecours%20Populaire%20survey.
Equality and Human Rights Commission. (2021, June 3rd). Article 3: Freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/human-rights-act/article-3-freedom-torture-and-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment
Equality and Human Rights Commission. (2022, September 29th). The right to be free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: for ombudsman schemes. Retrieved February 20th', 2023, from https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/advice-and-guidance-human-rights-multipage-guide/right-be-free-torture-or-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading
FAO. (2017, October 16th). Amid celebrations of World Food Day, Yemen calls for greater international assistance to food security and malnutrition. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from FAO Regional Office for Near East and North Africa: https://www.fao.org/neareast/news/view/en/c/1044232/
Frankish, C. J., Hwang, S. W., & Quantz, D. (2005). Homelessness and Health in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 23-29. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6976130/pdf/41997_2005_Article_BF03403700.pdf
Gundersen, C., & Ziliak, J. P. (2018). Food Insecurity Research in the United States: Where We Have Been and Where We Need to Go. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 40, 119-135.
Haq, M. U. (1976). The Poverty Curtain-Choices for the Third World. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hettne, B. (2010). Development and Security: Origins and Future. Security Dialogue, 41(1), 31–52. Doi: doi.org/10.1177/0967010609357040
Human security course. (n.d). The Vital Core of Human Security. Retrieved January 17th, 2023, from https://humansecuritycourse.info/module-1-the-concept-of-human-security/vital-core/#:~:text=The%20vital%20core%20refers%20to,freedoms%20based%20in%20practical%20reason.
Hwang, S. (2000). Mortality among men using homeless shelters in Toronto, Ontario. JAMA, 283, 2152-57.
Hwang, S. (2002). Is homelessness hazardous to your health? Obstacles to the demonstration of a causal relationship. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 93, 407-10.
ILO. (2004, September 1st). Economic security strengthens tolerance and happiness as well as growth and development. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_005218/lang--en/index.htm
Inter-American Institute for Human Rights. (2010). What is Human Security? Retrieved February 19th, 2023, from https://www.iidh.ed.cr/multic/default_12.aspx?contenidoid=ea75e2b1-9265-4296-9d8c-3391de83fb42&Portal=IIDHSeguridadEN
IOM. (2019). When affordability matters: The Political Economy and economic decision making of Iraqi IDPs. Baghdad: IOM. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://iraqdtm.iom.int/files/DurableSolutions/20203223151959_IOM%20Iraq%20When%20Affordability%20Matters-%20The%20Political%20Economy%20and%20Economic%20Decision%20Making%20of%20Iraqi%20IDPs_0.pdf
Johansson, V. (n.d). The Security and Development Nexus: A Policy Analysis. Retrieved January 7th, 2023, from Peace and Development Studies: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:784285/FULLTEXT01.pdfKoponen,
Khan, Z. (2021, June 16th). Relationship between Education and Human Security. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://thehumansecurity.org/relationship-between-education-and-human-security/
Lautensach, A., & Lautensach, S. (n.d.). Human Security in World Affairs: Problems and Opportunities. Retrieved January 15th, 2023, from https://opentextbc.ca/humansecurity/chapter/introduction/
Leaning, J., & Arie, S. (2000, December). Human Security: A Framework for Assessment In Conflict and Transition. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnacm028.pdf
Marchetti, S., & Secondi, L. (2022). The Economic Perspective of Food Poverty and (In)security: An Analytical Approach to Measuring and Estimation in Italy. Social Indicators Research, 162, 995–1020.
Martin, M. (n.d). Health as human security. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from Human Security Research Center: https://humansecuritycourse.info/module-4-human-security-in-diverse-contexts/issue-4-health/
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.
Nayak, P. (2009). Human Development: Conceptual and Measurement Issues. In P. Nayak, Growth and Human Development in North East India (pp. 3-18). New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Nussbaum, M. C. (2011). Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
OCHA. (2013). Lessons from the Field.Applying the Human Security Approach through the United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. New York: United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security& Human Security Unit OCHA.
OECD. (2012). How does education affect employment rates? In OECD, Education at a Glance 2012: Highlights. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Parkinson, S. (2011). The journey to social inclusion project in practice: A process evaluation of the first 18 months. Melbourne: AHURI Research Centre, RMIT University.
Patrinos, H. A. (2016, July). Harry Anthony Patrinos. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from IZA World of Labor: https://wol.iza.org/articles/estimating-return-to-schooling-using-mincer-equation/long
Pfeiffer, S., Ritter, T., & Oestreicher, E. (2017). Food Insecurity and Poverty in Germany. In H. K. Biesalski, d. Drewnowski, o. T. Dwyer, J. Strain, P. Weber, & M. Eggersdorfer, Sustainable Nutrition in a Changing World (pp. 99-109). New York: Springer.
Reeve, R. (2021, March 1st). The Case for a Human Security Strategy. Retrieved February 15th, 2023, from https://rethinkingsecurity.org.uk/2021/03/01/case-for-human-security-strategy/
Reinke, A. (2016). Gendering Peacebuilding in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda. Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspectives, 10, 71-86.
Roy, E., Boivin, J., Haley, N., & Lemire, N. (1998). Mortality among street youth. Lancent, 352(32).
Schievels, J. (2019). Examining and Critiquing the Security–Development Nexus. E-International Relation, 1-6. Retrieved from https://www.e-ir.info/pdf/79378
Seligma, H., Laraia, B., & Kushel, M. (2010). Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants. Journal of Nutrition, 140(2), 304 – 10.
Seligman, H., Laraia, B., & Kushel, M. (2010). Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants. Journal of Nutrition, 140(2), 304 – 10.
Stuff, J., Casey, P., Szeto, K., Gossett, J., Robbins, J., & Simpson, P. (2004). Household food insecurity is associated with adult health status. Journal of Nutrition, 134(9), 2330 – 5.
Sumner, A., & Tribe, M. (2008). What is development? Development studies theories methods in research and practice. London: Sage publications.
Vozoris, N., & Tarasuk, V. (2003). Household food insufficiency is associated with poorer health. Journal of Nutrition, 133(1), 120 – 6.
Voors, M.J., Nillesen, E.E., Verwimp, P., Bulte, E.H., Lensink, R., and VanSoest, D.P. (2012). Violent conflict and behavior: a field experiment in Burundi. American Economic Review, 102(2), 941-6
WCED. (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Retrieved January 7th, 2023, from United Nations: https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/media/publications/sustainable-development/brundtland-report.html
Whitaker, R., Phillips, S., & Orzol, S. (2006). Food insecurity and the risks of depression and anxiety in mothers and behavior problems in their preschool-aged children. Pediatrics, 118(3).
WHO. (2023, January 27th). United States of America Situation. Retrieved January 27th, 2023, from https://covid19.who.int/region/amro/country/us
World Bank. (2022, October 11th). Education: Overview. Retrieved February 20th, 2023, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/overview#:~:text=For%20individuals%2C%20education%20promotes%20employment,institutions%2C%20and%20fosters%20social%20cohesion.
Worldometer. (2023, February 15th). United Kingdom. Retrieved February 15th, 2023, from https://www.worldometers
Authors
[1]
“RETHINKING THE SECURITY-DEVELOPMENT NEXUS IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN SECURITY”, Soc. sci. humanities j., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 3070–3087, May 2023, Accessed: May 19, 2024. [Online]. Available: http://www.sshjournal.com/index.php/sshj/article/view/856
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